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VIII.     REFERENCES:


 

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW:

Searle A. The use of metal colloids in health and disease. E.P. Sutton. New York 1919 p. 75

Michaelis L. The effect of ions in colloidal systems. Williams Wilkins, Baltimore 1925.

New and Unofficial Remedies. Editor, American Medical Association Advisory Panel. Lippincott Publications, Philadelphia 1950, p. 100.

Goodman L, Gelman A. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 5th Edition, MacMillion New York 1975 p 930.


SILVER ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND TOXICITY

Sommonetti N: Electro chemical Ag+ for preservation use. Applied and Experimental Biology. Amer Society of Microbiology. Wash DC 19921 p 3834.

Monafo W, Moyer C: The treatment of extensive thermal burns with 0.5% silver nitrate solution in early treatment of severe burns. Ann NY Acad Sci 1968;150:937.

Fox C: Silver sulphadrazine -a new topical therapy for pseudomonas in burns. Arch Surg 1968;96:184.

Bador K: Organ deposition of silver following silver nitrate therapy for burns. PRS 1966;37:550.

Lansdocon A: Physiological and toxicological changes in the skin resulting from the action and interaction of metal ions. Crit Rev Toxicology 1995;25:397-462.

Marshall J, Schneider R: Systemic argyria secondary to silver nitrate. Arch Derm 1977;113-1077.

Toxicology and biological monitoring of metals in humans. Ed Carson B, Lunes Path 1986; p 100.

Cooms C, Wan A, et.al.; Do burn patients have a silver burning? Burns 1992;18:180.

Jarrett F, Demling R: Acute leukopenia during topical burn therapy with silver sulphadiazine. Am J Surg 1978;135:818.

Lockart S: Toplical silver sulphadiazine: side effects and urinary excretion. Burns 1983;10:9.

Yin H, Langford R, Burrell R. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Acticoat antimicrobial barrier dressing. J Burn Care Rehab 1999;20:193-200.


EFFECT OF SILVER ION ON WOUND BIOLOGY

Silver decreases wound zinc and copper and increases calcium. Landsdown A, Sampson B, et.al. Silver aids healing in the sterile skin wound: experimental studies in the laboratory rat. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:728.

Silver binds to sulfur. Wang X, Wang N, Zhang O. Tissue deposition of silver following topical use of silver in extensive burns. Burns 1985;11:197.

Silver binds to sulfur. Grabowski B, Haney W. Characterization of silver deposits in tissue resulting from dermal application of a silver containing pharmaceutical. J Pharm Sec 1972;61:1788.

Silver increases metallo thionien. Winge D, et.al. Distinct metal binding configurations in metallo thionien in trace elements in man and animals. Mullo C., ed. Slough Lab 1987; pg 307.

Silver effects on zinc, calcium and copper. Lansdown A, Physiological and toxicological changes in the skin resulting from the action and interaction of metal ions. Crit Rev Toxicol 1995;25:397.

Silver effects on zinc, copper and sulfur. Prasad M. Tissue elements in human health and disease. 1974. Acad Press, N.Y.

Silver binding properties. Myrback K. Inhibition by Ag+ and the complex formation between Ag+ and imidazone derivatives. Arkin Kemi 1957;11:47.


SILVER AND WOUND HEALING

Con

Bellinger C, Conway N: Effect of silver nitrate and sulfamylon on epithelial regeneration. Plast Reconstruct Surg 1970;45:582.

Scapicchio A, Constabts T: Comparative effects of silver nitrate and sulfamylon on epidermal regeneration. Plast Reconstruct Surg 1968;41:319.

Klein D et.al.: Wound infection following trauma and burn injuries. Cirt Care Nurs Clin N Am 1995;7:627.

Niedinn R: Inhibition of wound healing by antiseptics. Br J Derm 1986;115:41.

Stern N: Silver sulfadiazone and the healing of partial thickness burns, a prospective clinical trial. Br J Plast Surg 1984;42:581.

*Pro

Margraf N, Covery T. A trial of silver zinc allantoinate in the treatment of leg ulcers. Arch Surg 1977;112:699.

Olson M, Wright B., et.al.: Healing of porcine donor site covered with silver coated dressings. European J Surg 2000. In press.


ZINC AND WOUNDS

Wilson R. Zinc and iron in cellular contrast in zinc. Human Biology. London 1989, p147.

Henzel J, DeWase M, et.al.: Zinc concentrations within healing wounds: significance of postoperatively zincuria on availability and requirements during tissue repair. Arch Surg 1970:100:349.

Prasad A. Zinc: an overview. Nutrition 1995:11:93.

Fernandez F, Prasad A. Effect of zinc deficiency on nucleic acids, collagen and protein of the connective tissue. J Lab Clin Med 1973:82:951.

Clegg M, Keen C, Hurley L. Biochemical pathophysiology of zinc deficiency. In: Zinc in Human Biology., ed. CF Mills.; 1989:pt 129.


CALCIUM AND WOUNDS

Heng M, Song M, Heng Wu. Reciprocity between tissue calmodulation and cyclic MMP levels. Modulation by excess zinc. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:280.

Hennings H, Cheng C, Michael D. Calcium regulation of growth and differentiation of mouse epidermal cells in culture. Cell 1980;19:245.

Yuspa S, Kilkenny A, Steinest P., et.al. Expression of murine epidermal cell markers is tightly regulated by extracellular calcium concentrations in vitro. J Cell Biol 1989;109:1207.

Lansdown A, Sampson B., et.al. Silver aids healing in the sterile skin wound; experimental studies in the laboratory rat. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:728.


ACUTE BURN WOUND

Neely A, Orloff M, Greenhalgh D. Proteolytic activity in human burn wounds. Wound Rep Reg 1997;5:302-309.

Stucklin G, Nanney L. Immunologicalization of collagenase and TIMP in healing human burn wounds. J Invest Dermatol 1994;103:488.

Young P, Grinnell F. Metalloproteinase activation cascade after burn injury. A longitudinal analysis of the human wound environment. J Invest Dermatol 1994;103:660.

Navomeh B, Liang H, Dregelmann R, et.al. Dynamics of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-8 in acute open human dermal burns. Wound Rep Reg 1998;6:127-134.


ZINC AND METALLOPROTEINASES

Berman M, Manabe R. Evidence for zinc metallo enzymes. Ann Ophthalmol 1973;5:1193.

Seltzer J, Jeffrey J. Evidence for mammalian collagenases as zinc ion metallo proteases. Biochem Biophys Acta 1977;484:179.

Yager P, Zhang, et.al. Wound fluids from human pressure ulcers contain elevated matrix metallo proteinase levels and activity compared to surgical wound fluids. J Invest Dermatol 1996;107:743.

Swann J., et.al. Zinc metallo enzyme properties of active and latent collagenase. Biochem J 1981;175-167.

Prasad A, Meftah S,. Zinc and metalloproteins. J Clin Invest 1988;82:1202.


SILVER DELIVERY SYSTEM (ACTICOAT)

(Comparison with other silver products)

Burrell R, Heggers J, Wright J. Efficacy of silver coated dressings as bacterial barriers in a rodent burn sepsis model. Wounds 1999;11:64-71.

Wright J, Lam K, Burrell R. Wound management in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. A role for topical silver. Am J Infect Contr 1998;26:572-577.

Wright J, Larin K., et.al. Efficacy of topical silver against fungal burn wound pathogens. Am J Infect Control 1999;27:344-350.

Yin H, Langford R, Burrell R. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ACTICOAT antimicrobial barrier dressing. J Burn Care Rehab 1999;20:195-200.

Wright J, Hansen D, Burrell R. The comparative efficacy of two antimicrobial barrier dressings: in vitro examination of two controlled release of silver dressings. Wounds 1978;10:179-184.

Tredget E, Shahkowsky H., et.al. A matched pair randomized study evaluating the efficacy and safety of ACTICOAT silver coated dressing for the treatment of burn wounds. J Burn Care Rehab 1998;19:532-537.

 


 

 


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